Ice-Related Damage and Your Commercial Roof

Winter is upon us – and with it comes the punishing conditions that can damage your building. In addition to snow and frigid temperatures, ice can be one of the most destructive forces to a commercial roof. The types of damage caused by ice can affect both the roof’s structure and its functionality, leading to costly repairs and even potential safety hazards. Below are some of the most common types of ice-related damage that can occur on commercial roofs during the next few months.

• Ice Damming: One of the most frequent issues caused by ice on commercial roofs is ice damming, which occurs when melting snow on the roof flows toward the edge of the building, but the water refreezes before it can drain properly. This typically happens when heat from inside the building escapes through the roof, warming the upper layers of snow or ice. The water trickles down toward the eaves, but if the eaves or gutters are cold enough, the water refreezes, forming a dam of ice. The ice dam blocks the flow of water, which then backs up under the roofing material. This trapped water can seep beneath shingles, tiles, or other roofing layers, leading to leaks, water damage inside the building, and even structural issues like mold or rotting wood. Over time, the constant presence of water can weaken the integrity of roofing materials, leading to the need for extensive repairs or even replacement.
• Roof Membrane Ice-Related Damage: Many commercial roofs are covered by a single-ply membrane, such as TPO (Thermoplastic Polyolefin), EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer), or modified bitumen. Ice can have a severe impact on these materials, particularly in colder climates. Ice, when it forms on the surface of the roof, causes the roofing membrane to become more brittle. Additionally, the freeze-thaw cycle, where ice expands and contracts as the temperature fluctuates, can cause significant stress on the material. This expansion and contraction may lead to cracks, tears, or punctures in the roofing membrane. Once the membrane is compromised, it no longer provides a waterproof barrier, and the roof becomes more susceptible to leaks and water infiltration. If left unchecked, water can damage insulation, leading to costly repairs and potential downtime for the building.
• Pooling Water and Ponding: In commercial buildings with flat roofs, ice buildup can cause water to pool in low areas where drainage is insufficient. Normally, water should flow off the roof and into the gutters, but if the drainage system is blocked by ice or snow, the water is unable to leave the roof. As the ice and snow melt, they can create standing pools of water, which have the potential to create additional structural damage. The excess weight from pooled water also adds significant stress to the roof structure, increasing the risk of sagging, leaks, or even roof collapse, particularly in older buildings or those not designed to handle such loads. Additionally, the pooled water may lead to more severe problems like mold growth or material degradation, further exacerbating the issue.
• Structural Stress and Collapse: When a commercial roof is burdened with an accumulation of ice, snow, or both, it can place considerable stress on the underlying structure. This is particularly true for flat or low-pitched roofs, which are less efficient at shedding snow and ice. The weight of accumulated ice and snow can quickly reach dangerous levels, causing the roof to warp, sag, or even collapse in extreme cases. The additional weight on the roof may lead to structural failure, damaging beams, trusses, or the roof deck itself. The collapse of a roof is a major safety risk for anyone inside the building and can cause significant damage to both the structure and the contents within.
• Cracking and Shrinkage of Roofing Materials: As ice forms on the surface of the roof, it can cause roofing materials like asphalt shingles, metal panels, or even concrete tiles to shrink, crack, or become brittle. The freeze-thaw cycle is particularly harsh on roofing materials, causing them to expand and contract repeatedly. The result can be significant ice-related damage such as cracks or breaks in the roofing material, which may allow water to seep beneath and cause leaks. These cracks also create potential entry points for pests or debris, further deteriorating the roof over time.
• Gutter and Downspout Damage: Ice-related damage can also affect gutters and downspouts, which play a critical role in directing water away from the building. When ice forms inside the gutters, it can create blockages that prevent proper drainage. This can lead to a buildup of ice, which can cause gutters to detach from the roof or become bent and deformed. Damaged gutters and downspouts can also result in water spilling over the sides of the building, which can lead to water infiltration into the roof or walls, as well as cause erosion around the building’s foundation. The constant freezing and thawing of ice in gutters can also cause them to crack and break, requiring repairs or replacement.
• Condensation and Moisture Damage: Another concern during winter is condensation, which can form inside the building or within the roof itself when ice and snow accumulate. Poor insulation or ventilation in the attic space can trap moisture, leading to the formation of ice or frost inside the roof structure. This moisture can contribute to wood rot, mold growth, and rusting of metal components. Over time, this can weaken the roof’s structure and insulation, further compromising its ability to protect the building from the elements.

Taking proactive measures can save commercial building owners from the significant costs and inconvenience associated with icy conditions. However, if your roof has already sustained ice-related damage – or any deterioration caused by winter conditions – be sure to call Unicoat Industrial Roofing for assessments and repair. The structural integrity of your roof is paramount to the building’s efficiency and safety – so don’t delay.
Unicoat Industrial Roofing offers over 75 years combined roofing expertise. We are here to help you to assess your roof’s condition and recommend the best course of action to ensure safety and building integrity.